Measuring environment-biased technological progress considering energy saving and emission reduction

This study proposes a mathematical definition of environment-biased technological progress that can evaluate energy saving and emission reduction abilities. Further, it proposes the concepts of absoluteness and relativity, while extending the classical non-radial slack-based measure in order to establish an advanced slack-based measure model. In addition, a super-efficiency advanced slack-based measure model is set up to test the effectiveness and growth rate of environment-biased technological progress in China. Finally, with China entering a new normal since 2012, economic growth data for 1890 coal production enterprises for 2012-2014 are collected to measure the conditions of environment-biased technological progress in each location and registration type. The results indicate that, compared to existing methods, the proposed method is useful and universally applicable.