Experimental visualization of gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow during reciprocating motion

In the current work, a high-speed camera was employed to capture the flow patterns of nanofluids inside a simplified piston gallery at various crank angles. The heat transfer mechanisms of gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow (air, base fluid, and nanoparticles) during reciprocating motion was explored. The effects of oscillation frequency, nanofluid filling ratio, and nanoparticle concentration were also discussed. The addition of nanoparticles into a base fluid enhances the heat and mass transfer processes effectively. Of all the three determining factors of the flow field during the reciprocating motion, the oscillation frequency plays a major role, the nanoparticle concentration plays a minor role and the nanofluid filling ratio lies in between.