Single droplet impingement of urea water solution on a heated substrate

In the present work, impingement behaviour of an aqueous urea solution is investigated experimentally. The effects of droplet diameter, impact velocity and substrate temperature are evaluated by monitoring single droplet impingement with a high-speed camera. Results allow the formulation of four different interaction regimes and a regime map depending on hydrodynamic and thermal parameters is proposed. The regimes deposition, splash, boiling-induced breakup, rebound with breakup and the transition boundaries are discussed in detail. Results show that the solute significantly affects the outcome of droplet impingement promoting droplet disintegration by enhanced nucleation and bubble formation. Comparison with literature data reveal the strong dependency of droplet impact behavior on the Weber number as a combination of initial droplet diameter and impact velocity.