Heat transfer and pressure drop of CO2 hydrate mixture in pipeline

CO2 hydrate formation in CO2 pipelines presents a challenge for the scientific world and the carbon capture and storage (CCS) chain. Although the formation of CO2 hydrate is not desirable, it can be essential for understanding and predicting the behavior of the flow once it forms within CO2-rich streams during transportation in land-based pipelines. In-tube heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics associated with the formation and the dissociation of CO2 hydrate in CO2 gas streams were experimentally investigated under soil surroundings. The results indicated that the continuous hydrate formation was significantly dependent on the temperature difference between the surroundings and the CO2 hydrate mixture. The heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop at the experimental conditions ranged from 54 to 2883 W/m2 K and from 101 to 996 kPa, respectively.