Specific absorption rate and temperature increase in the human eye due to electromagnetic fields exposure at different frequencies

This study presents a numerical analysis of the specific absorption rate (SAR) and the heat transfer in a heterogeneous human eye model exposed to electromagnetic (EM) fields of 900 and 1800 MHz. In this study, the effect of operating frequency on the SAR and temperature distributions in the eye was systematically investigated. The SAR value and the temperature distribution in various tissues in the eye during exposure to EM fields were obtained by numerical simulation of EM wave propagation and a heat transfer model was then developed based on the natural convection and porous media theories. The study highlights two transport phenomena: heat and mass transfer in the eye during exposure to EM fields at different frequencies. This study indicated that when the eye exposed to EM fields at the frequencies of 900 and 1800 MHz, the highest SAR values at two chosen frequencies was in the cornea, and the highest temperature at the frequency of 900 MHz was in the anterior chamber while the highest for the frequency of 1800 MHz was in the vitreous. The temperature distribution in the eye induced by EM fields was not directly related to the SAR distribution due to the effect of the interaction among the dielectric properties, thermal properties, blood perfusion, and penetration depth of the EM power. Moreover, this study also showed that the exposure time had an influence on the temperature increase in the eye.