Three-dimensional thermal analysis of rectangular micro-scale inorganic light-emitting diodes integrated with human skin

Micro-scale inorganic light-emitting diodes (μ-ILEDs) integrated with human skin have been widely used in blood oxygen saturation monitoring, wound healing acceleration and other bio-integrated applications. Thermal management in these applications is critically important. A three-dimensional analytical heat transfer model, validated by finite element analysis (FEA), is established to predict the temperature in the system of a rectangular μ-ILED device integrated with human skin. The analytical model accounts for the coupling between the Fourier heat conduction in the μ-ILED device and the Pennes bio-heat transfer in the human skin. The influences of various geometric, material and loading parameters on the maximum temperatures in μ-ILED and the skin are investigated. These results establish the theoretical foundation for the thermal management of μ-ILED devices in various bio-integrated applications.