Cascaded production of biogas and hydrochar from wheat straw: Energetic potential and recovery of carbon and plant nutrients

Furthermore, systematic HTC experiments with both fresh and digested wheat straw and with reaction temperatures of 190 °C, 210 °C, 230 °C, and 250 °C revealed an effect of reaction temperature on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration in the final hydrochar. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus are primarily retained in the hydrochar, which could favor its use as soil ameliorant instead of an energy carrier.