| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7068502 | Bioresource Technology | 2018 | 39 Pages |
Abstract
Upgrading of bio-oil obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of algae is necessary for it to be used as a fuel. In this study, bio-oil obtained from HTL of Nannochloropsis sp. was upgraded using five different catalysts (Ni/C, ZSM-5, Ni/ZSM-5, Ru/C and Pt/C) at 300â¯Â°C and 350â¯Â°C. The upgraded bio-oil yields were higher at 300â¯Â°C; however, higher quality upgraded bio-oils were obtained at 350â¯Â°C. Ni/C gave the maximum upgraded bio-oil yield (61â¯wt%) at 350â¯Â°C. However, noble metal catalysts (Ru/C and Pt/C) gave the better upgraded bio-oils in terms of acidity, heating values, and nitrogen values. The higher heating value of the upgraded bio-oils ranged from 40 to 44â¯MJ/kg, and the nitrogen content decreased from 5.37 to 1.29â¯wt%. Most of the upgraded bio-oils (35-40â¯wt%) were in the diesel range. The major components present in the gaseous products were CH4, CO, CO2 and lower alkanes.
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Authors
Rajdeep Shakya, Sushil Adhikari, Ravishankar Mahadevan, El Barbary Hassan, Thomas A. Dempster,