White certificate trading: A dying concept or just making its debut? Part III: Future market potential in the U.S.

Challenges to white certificate markets are formidable, but they are not insurmountable, as demonstrated by successful white certificate schemes worldwide. This article discusses the future potential for these certificates in the U.S. A promising development that could affect implementation of a white certificate-type instrument is the inclusion of an instrument called an emission rate credit in the proposed Clean Power Plan. Other potential drivers include energy efficiency resource standards and voluntary markets.