Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
7136743 | Sensors and Actuators A: Physical | 2014 | 8 Pages |
Abstract
In this paper, a portable, cost-effective electrochemical assay is presented for rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of cytochrome c (cyt c) release. The developed cyt c assay consists of two parts: (i) a miniaturized electrochemical biosensor based on cytochrome c reductase (CcR) functionalized screen printed electrodes (SPE); (ii) a microcontroller based data acquisition unit integrated with potentiostat circuit capable of performing cyclic voltammetry technique for the analysis. The working electrode surface of SPE was integrated with polypyrrole (PPy)-carbon nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposite for an enhanced immobilization of the enzyme, CcR. The acquired biosensor data are processed into digital form by the microcontroller and further transferred to a PC through USB port for analysis. GUI based system implemented here makes the analyzer easy to operate. Under optimal conditions, the electroanalytical behavior of the CcR-CNT-PPy-SPE biosensor linearly responds to the cyt c concentration range from 10 nM to 500 μM with a detection limit of 10 nM and a sensitivity of 0.102 ± 0.005 μA μMâ1 cmâ2. The performance of the volume miniaturized SPE based biosensor coupled with the portable microcontroller based instrument was further evaluated by applying it for the measurement of mitochondrial cyt c release during cardiomyocytes apoptosis; the results are validated well with the commercial electrochemical analyzer and standard ELISA.
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Authors
Manickam Pandiaraj, Alby Robson Benjamin, Thangamuthu Madasamy, Kanagavel Vairamani, Aditya Arya, Niroj Kumar Sethy, Kalpana Bhargava, Chandran Karunakaran,