Least squares and output error identification algorithms for continuous time systems with unknown time delay operating in open or closed loop

This paper presents two off-line output error identification algorithms for linear continuous-time systems with unknown time delay from sampled data. The proposed methods (for open and closed loop systems) use a Nonlinear Programming algorithm and need an initialization step that is also proposed from a modification of the Yang algorithm. Simulations, as illustrated by Monte-Carlo runs, show that the obtained parameters are unbiased and very accurate.