New Structures and Algorithms of Altimeters for Controlling Vehicles Motion at Low and Superlow Altitudes

The methods and devices for measuring of a low and superlow altitude for the wide class of the moving vehicles (ekranoplanes, helicopters, aircrafts, hovercrafts and etc) are considered. Special attention devotes to the altimeters setting on the board of the vehicle moving over water's surface, especially for landing vehicles and for vehicles, which have sensors for NOE (Nap-of-the Earth- is a type of very low-altitude flight, some times it is known as “flying under the radar”). Special attention devotes the questions of the earth's surface reflection ability. Diffuse reflection and mirror reflection and main reflection characteristics are considers. The values of errors for different methods of measuring altitudes are analised, that may help to develop new technique for new vehicle. Recommendations concerning with the choice of the altitude measuring method are done. Results of the experimental researches are discussed.