Cross touching behavior in arcing-wire gas tungsten arc welding

Continuous cross touching metal transfer in arcing-wire gas tungsten arc welding using a constant-current power supply is proposed. With increasing wire feed rate, the metal transfer behavior changed from critical touching to completely touching to over touching. In addition, the arc voltage waveform changed from an unstable to a stable state before reverting to an unstable state. With increasing welding speed, the weld pool moved away from the extension line of the tungsten electrode and the length of the preheated wire increased. With increasing main arc welding current, the weld pool began to close the extension line of the tungsten electrode, which allowed the wire tip to be easily inserted into the weld pool. Finally, the surface of the weld pool changed from convex to concave.