Phase field modeling of solidification microstructure evolution during welding

The misorientation angle between the preferred crystalline orientation and the temperature gradient influences both the incubation time and the average wavelength of any initial instability during the planar growth stage, as well as the dendrite growth direction and the primary dendrite arm spacing during the subsequent epitaxial growth stage. The solidification microstructure gradually changes from normal or tilted dendrites to a seaweed-like structure as the misorientation angle increases. The simulation of the initial wavelength, primary dendrite arm spacing and interface morphology are in general agreement with the experimental observations.