Protein viscosity, mineral fraction and staggered architecture cooperatively enable the fastest stress wave decay in load-bearing biological materials

- Fast damping impact waves is a critical function for bone to protect the inner organs or tissues.
- For bone, protein viscosity and optimized structure together enhance the protection function.
- Mineral fraction, protein viscosity and structural arrangement work at different dominant level.
- Structure-sensitive and -insensitive regimes exist for the protection function.