3D-reinforcement techniques for co-bonded CFRP/CFRP and CFRP/metal joints: a brief review

The present paper will make a brief review on some of the most relevant through-thickness reinforcement technologies for CFRP/Metal and CFRP/CFRP joints developed so far. A distinction between the traditional (“z-pinning” and “stitching and tufting”) and novel (“COMELDTM”, “CMT”, “HYPER” and “RHEA”) 3D-reinforcement techniques will be made and the most relevant characteristics of each one will be pointed out.