The energy-absorbing behaviour of composite tube-reinforced foams

It has been shown that embedding the tubes in a foam panel serves to modify the failure process occurring within the composite tubes, greatly enhancing their ability to absorb energy. However, when normalized by the mass of the test sample, the SEA values of the hybrid tube reinforced foams were found to be largely insensitive to variations in foam density, suggesting that reinforced low density foams, where the associated crushing forces are low, are best suited to energy-absorbing applications. In contrast, the SEA data for the unidirectional glass tube reinforced systems steadily increase with increasing foam density. The dynamic values of SEA for the tube-reinforced systems were lower than those measured at quasi-static rates, suggesting a rate-sensitivity in the fracture processes within the composite. Finally, it is shown that the energy-absorbing capability of tube-based foams is higher than many comparable core systems, where their potential for use under conditions of extreme crushing are highlighted.