A systems theory of development through sport for traumatized and disadvantaged youth

Findings were originally presented in the form of participant systems maps, which were ultimately combined for a comprehensive systems map, representing the optimal system through which youth may engage in sport. The core variables and interactions of this optimal system are presented in this manuscript. Key findings include the role of vigorous physical activity and healthy competition in youth development, the need for talent development and youth development to be complementary goals, and the potential for multiple identity development to be a critical first step in the transference of life skills into other domains.