Investigation of water electrical parameters as a function of measurement frequency using cylindrical capacitive sensors

In this study electrical properties of different water liquids at frequency range of 100–2000 Hz are investigated by using the short invasive and non-invasive cylindrical capacitive sensors (CCSs). Operation of the capacitance measurement module for such probes is based on the auto balancing bridge method. Comparison of the measured capacitances and measured resistances for different water liquids shows decrease by increasing the frequency. In another study the dielectric constant of distilled water, mineral water, tap water and salt water are measured. The effects of the frequency on the resistivity, permittivity and conductance of the different water liquids are also investigated.

► For invasive and non-invasive probes capacitance and resistance are given with frequency change. ► Dissipation factor for the water samples is given with frequency change. ► Sample conductance and permittivity are described for both invasive and non-invasive probes. ► Frequency effects on conductance and permittivity are compared for both probes.