Can the post-error effect mask age-related differences in congruency conditions when education and overall accuracy are controlled for?

PES and PIA were observed in young adults and older adults under 85 years old. Evidence of simultaneous PES and PIA in the young and older age group (except for the Very old) indicates that the post-error effect can be interpreted in terms of recruitment of additional resources to prevent subsequent errors. Slightly higher accuracy was observed in the incongruent condition in post-error trials relative to pre-error correct trials across age groups.