Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
7281206 | Brain, Behavior, and Immunity | 2015 | 18 Pages |
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine classically linked with anti-inflammatory and protective functions in the central nervous system (CNS) in different neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory conditions. In order to study the specific role of local CNS produced IL-10, we have created a new transgenic mouse line with astrocyte-targeted production of IL-10 (GFAP-IL10Tg). In the present study, the effects of local CNS IL-10 production on microglia, astrocytes and neuronal connectivity under basal conditions were investigated using immunohistochemistry, molecular biology techniques, electrophysiology and behavioural studies. Our results showed that, in GFAP-IL10Tg animals, microglia displayed an increase in density and a specific activated phenotype characterised by morphological changes in specific areas of the brain including the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum that correlated with the level of transgene expressed IL-10 mRNA. Distinctively, in the hippocampus, microglial cells adopted an elongated morphology following the same direction as the dendrites of pyramidal neurons. Moreover, this IL-10-induced microglial phenotype showed increased expression of certain molecules including Iba1, CD11b, CD16/32 and F4/80 markers, “de novo” expression of CD150 and no detectable levels of either CD206 or MHCII. To evaluate whether this specific activated microglial phenotype was associated with changes in neuronal activity, the electrophysiological properties of pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus (CA3-CA1) were analysed in vivo. We found a lower excitability of the CA3-CA1 synapses and absence of long-term potentiation (LTP) in GFAP-IL10Tg mice. This study is the first description of a transgenic mouse with astrocyte-targeted production of the cytokine IL-10. The findings indicate that IL-10 induces a specific activated microglial phenotype concomitant with changes in hippocampal LTP responses. This transgenic animal will be a very useful tool to study IL-10 functions in the CNS, not only under basal conditions, but also after different experimental lesions or induced diseases.
Keywords
SOCS3IL-10DAPIMCAOqRT-PCRHFSIBA1TBSCD11BRPAGFAPPH3IL-10RCD150PBSEAE4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindolBSAF4/80fEPSPshGHRibonuclease protection assaybovine serum albuminexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisNeuroinflammationmiddle cerebral artery occlusionInterleukin-10high frequency stimulationTris-buffered salinelong-term potentiationLTPCNSRoom temperatureblood brain barrierBBBsuppressor of cytokine signalling 3Cytokinecentral nervous systemmajor histocompatibility complexMHCphosphate buffer solutionTransgenic micefield excitatory post-synaptic potentialsquantitative real time-polymerase chain reactionpolymerase chain reactionPCRGlial fibrillary acidic proteinGliosisinterleukin-10 receptor
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Authors
Beatriz Almolda, Carmen de Labra, Iliana Barrera, Agnès Gruart, Jose M. Delgado-Garcia, Nà dia Villacampa, Antonietta Vilella, Markus J. Hofer, Juan Hidalgo, Iain L. Campbell, Berta González, Bernardo Castellano,