Neuronal α1/2-adrenergic stimulation of IFN-γ, IL-6, and CXCL-1 in murine spleen in late experimental arthritis

Conclusions: In the late phase of CIA, non-neuronal modulation of cytokine secretion increases while neuronal regulation strikingly decreases. Particularly, β-adrenergic effects are non-neuronal while α1/2-adrenergic effects are clearly neuronal. We suggest that alterations in sympathetic innervation of the spleen fundamentally change the functional neuroimmune interplay in the spleen of arthritic mice.