Exceptional lexical skills but executive language deficits in school starters and young adults with Turners syndrome: Implications for X chromosome effects on brain function

► TS school starters had enhanced receptive and expressive language. ► TS school starters had enhanced phonological skills. ► TS adults had enhanced naming and vocabulary but impaired executive language. ► Haploinsufficiency of X leads to enhanced temporal but impaired frontal language. ► Independence of lexico-semantic and executive language is driven by X-chromosome.