Phase transformation of anatase–rutile crystals in doped and undoped TiO2 particles obtained by the oxidation of polycrystalline sulfide

The anatase–rutile phase transformation of doped and undoped TiO2 is discussed on the basis of crystal chemistry and the photoelectric oxidation properties of the mixture phase using different parameters. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm that temperature and time affect the anatase–rutile transformation, whereas the Fe-dopant concentrations had no effect on the anatase–rutile transformation. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) studies also indicate the presence of single anatase and anatase–rutile mixed phase structures on the surface of TiO2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the Ti state in the final product. The coexistence of the anatase–rutile mixture in TiO2 particles caused significant light absorption and higher degradation efficiency by the synergism between rutile and anatase particles.