Un análisis microeconómico de los efectos de la innovación en el desarrollo y el bienestar social

The overall objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of innovation on growth, welfare and income distribution from the perspective of two approaches to microeconomic theory: The traditional and post Keynesian microeconomics. The key questions we want to answer are: What is the microeconomic effect of innovation in the firm, industry and economic development of their environment? What is the theoretical microeconomic reasoning effect of innovation in the company's growth in social welfare? and in particular, what is the effect of innovation on income distribution? After long neglect of the work of J. Schumpeter and his emphasis on innovation and development, in recent decades there has been a resurgence of this in the field of economics, microeconomics and economic policy. However, sometimes we automatically assume that innovation leads to growth, economic development and social welfare. In this paper we want to ask whether this is real, or in change, the innovations exacerbate productive processes and income concentration, in which case, we would question if the linear relationship between innovation and social welfare is fulfilled. We begin by defining the concept of innovation as did J. Schumpeter, we continue to analyze the way how the classical and neoclassical theory incorporates it into his analysis, both for the short and long term, then boarded the heterodox microeconomic analysis in its post- Keynesian version, highlighting the contributions of A. Eichner, S. Labini among others, ending with a brief comparative analysis of the points raised by the approaches.