Government size, public governance and private investment: The case of Vietnamese provinces

The government's role in promoting private investment, which can be assessed through two dimensions - government size and governance quality - has scarcely been addressed in the previous literature. Using a dataset of 63 Vietnamese provinces for the period of 2005-2013, the present study attempts to investigate how these two dimensions serve to promote private investment in Vietnam. The two-step system Generalized Method of Moments contributes to clarifying the nonlinearity of the relationship between provincial government size and private investment growth. Furthermore, the threshold effect of government size varies across provinces due to differences in provincial governance quality, and provinces with a high quality of local governance have the potential to raise the threshold level of government size. Additionally, several aspects of local public governance such as entry cost, legal system, transparency, and biased policy are found to have significant associations with private investment, whereas others are not. The results show that advancing public governance remains a big challenge for Vietnam's private sector development policies. Changes in public governance quality are, therefore, crucial to improve the effects of government size on private investment.