Improved constitutive equations of piezoelectric monomorphs: Application to the preliminary study of an original traveling-wave peristaltic pump

This article establishes the constitutive equations of a piezoelectric monomorph by separating the effects of the piezoelectric action from the effects of the external loads and by considering in both cases a static equilibrium of forces and moments. Unlike previous studies, our model explicitly incorporates the effects of transverse strains and electric field gradients in order to approach more faithfully the real strains and stresses in the monomorph. This model, which can be easily generalized to other types of benders and applied to complex study cases is used in this paper to analyse the impact of the characteristic parameters of an original traveling-wave peristaltic pump on its performance.