Performance of quantum Stirling heat engine with numerous copies of extreme relativistic particles confined in 1D potential well

A quantum Stirling heat engine (QSHE) with numerous copies of extreme relativistic particles confined in 1D potential well as working substance is proposed. The cycle consists of two isothermal processes and two equal-width of the potential well processes, which is a quantum counterpart of the classical isochoric process. Heat leakage is considered. The analytical expressions of power output (P) and thermal efficiency (η) are obtained. The influence of heat leakage on the performance of the engine and different performance region of the QSHE is analyzed. Omega function, Ω̇=(2−ηmax∕η)P, which represents a brief choice criterion for energy converters , is adopted to analyze the performance of the QSHE.