From conduction to convection of thermally relativistic fluids between two parallel walls under gravitational force

The thermal conduction and convection of thermally relativistic fluids between two parallel walls under the gravitational force are discussed both theoretically and numerically. In the theoretical discussion, the Lorentz contraction is assumed to be negligible and spacetime is assumed to be flat. For understanding of the thermal conduction and convection of thermally relativistic fluids between two parallel walls under the gravitational force, the relativistic Boltzmann equation is solved using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, numerically. Numerical results indicate that strongly nonequilibrium states are formed in vicinities of two walls, which do not allow us to discuss the transition of the thermal conduction to the thermal convection of thermally relativistic fluids under the gravitational force in the framework of the relativistic Navier-Stokes-Fourier equation, when the flow-field is under the transition regime between the rarefied and continuum regimes, whereas such strongly nonequilibrium states are not formed in vicinities of two walls under the nonrelativistic limit.