Optimal monetary policy with endogenous export participation

This paper studies optimal monetary policy in an open economy with firm heterogeneity and monopolistic competition. I consider a two-country dynamic general equilibrium model where firms make decisions to enter and exit the domestic and export markets. I show that endogenous export participation creates an incentive for policymakers to set high interest rates. This leads to high long-run inflation. Firm entry magnifies the welfare cost of inflation generating large gains to international monetary cooperation.