'Does it Work?' - Work for Whom? Britain and Political Conditionality since the Cold War

Evaluations of the political conditionality (PC) phenomenon have long focused on the question of instrumental efficacy - whether PC promotes policy reform in developing states. Evidence from the UK nevertheless suggests that this emphasis is misplaced and that donor officials increasingly use PC for 'expressive' reasons - to signal their putative commitment to delivering 'value for money' in a difficult international economic climate. This shift in rationale raises important questions; not least, what do we know about the effects of PC on public perceptions of aid and to what extent, within this dispensation, can contemporary PC be viewed as a 'success'?