Early and Middle Pleistocene fluvial series in northern foreland of the Carpathians (Poland and Ukraine) and their relation to Dnistr River terraces

This paper discusses buried fluvial series in northern foreland of the Carpathians and their possible correlation with the Upper Dnistr River terraces. These fluvial series have been deposited mostly by the rivers from the Carpathians, with their runoff either westwards or eastwards. The whole river system has been considerably transformed during Early and early Middle Pleistocene glaciations when a streamway in the so-called sub-Carpathian channel drained this area through the Dnistr valley to the Black Sea. Re-interpretation and compilation of the previously published material from key sites with examined interglacial pollen sequences and in some of them, with the palaeomagnetic record of the Brunhes/Matuyama boundary, distinguished the first appearance of the Scandinavian material in fluvial series, as well as the directions and chronology of river discharges. Several fluvial series were identified and correlated with river terraces in the Dnistr valley. The Ruda Series in the interfluves of Odra and Vistula, and the Majdan Series in the Upper Vistula drainage basin were deposited during the preglacial part of the Early Pleistocene and corresponded with the development of Dnistr terraces X-VIII. The Kończyce Series in the interfluves of Oder and Vistula and the Rakszawa Series in the eastern part of the upper Vistula drainage basin were deposited during the early Podlasian Interglacial (Cromerian I-III) and they corresponded with development of Dnistr terrace VII. The Torhanovychi Series in the interfluves of San and Dnistr was deposited mainly during the late Podlasian Interglacial, and it corresponded with development of Dnistr terrace VI. The Krukienichi Series in the interfluves of San and Dnistr and in the Upper Dnistr valley was deposited during the Ferdynandovian Interglacial (Cromerian IV) and corresponded with development of Dnistr terrace V.