The management of spontaneous volunteers: A successful model from a flood emergency in Italy

In this study, the management of spontaneous volunteers was firstly investigated through a brief literature review. Thereafter, a case study was modelled by the application of the type zero method of integration definition for function modelling language, and conduct of interviews and surveys. Finally, the built model was evaluated according to major guides and manuals on this topic. Consequently, the result of the study may be adopted and utilised by other organisations engaged in similar emergencies. Moreover, it can serve as a starting point for further research and development of policies and guidelines for emergency response.