Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
7477770 | Journal of Environmental Management | 2018 | 11 Pages |
Abstract
Whereas soil test information on the fertility and chemistry of soils has been important to elaborate safe and sound agricultural practices, micro-scale information can give a whole extra dimension to understand the chemical processes occurring in soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects that the consecutive application of untreated poultry litter, alum-treated litter or ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) had on P solubility in soils over 20 years. For this, we used soil test data, sequential chemical fractionation (SCF) of P, and P K-edge XANES and μ-fluorescence spectroscopies. Water extractable P data indicated that application of alum to poultry litter was a very effective treatment for reducing P solubility. On the basis of our SCF of P data, P was primarily found within the 0.1â¯M NaOH pool across the applied rates and regardless of the treatment, where application of alum-treated litter accounted for as much as 59â¯Â±â¯2% of the total, followed by NH4NO3, 49â¯Â±â¯4%, and untreated litter, 40â¯Â±â¯2%. It was also shown that in soils where alum-treated litter was applied, the Resin pool accounted for 10â¯Â±â¯1% of the total, followed by NH4NO3, 13â¯Â±â¯4%, and untreated litter, 18â¯Â±â¯2%, indicating that P was less readily available in soils where alum-treated litter was applied. Phosphorus XANES indicated that P was predominantly associated to Feâ¯>â¯Alâ¯>â¯Caâ¯>â¯organic molecules, regardless of the treatment or applied rates, though the formation of PoAl complexes was only found in soils that received application of alum-treated litter and was positively related to the applied rates. The combination of P-XANES with SCF or μ-fluorescence data was shown to provide valuable information about P reactivity and distribution in soils and should thus be used to address the fate of applied P amendments in soils.
Keywords
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Authors
D.B. Abdala, P.A. Moore, M. Rodrigues, W.F. Herrera, P.S. Pavinato,