Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
7477851 | Journal of Environmental Management | 2018 | 8 Pages |
Abstract
Urban soil is an ongoing source for lead (Pb) and other pollutant exposure. Sources of clean soil that are locally-available, abundant and inexpensive are needed to place a protective cover layer over degraded urban soil to eliminate direct and indirect pollutant exposures. This study evaluates a novel sediment exchange program recently established in New York City (NYC Clean Soil Bank, CSB) and found that direct exchange of surplus sediment extracted from urban construction projects satisfies these criteria. The CSB has high total yield with 4.2â¯Ãâ¯105â¯t of sediment exchanged in five years. Average annual yield (8.5â¯Ãâ¯104â¯tâ¯yrâ1) would be sufficient to place a 15-cm (6-in.) sediment cover layer over 3.2â¯Ãâ¯105â¯m2 (80 acres) of impacted urban soil or 1380 community gardens. In a case study of sediment exchange to mitigate community garden soil contamination, Pb content in sediment ranged from 2 to 5â¯mgâ¯kgâ1. This sediment would reduce surface Pb concentrations more than 98% if it was used to encapsulate soil with Pb content exceeding USEPA residential soil standards (400â¯mgâ¯kgâ1). The maximum observed sediment Pb content is a factor of 42 and 71 lower than median surface soil and garden soil in NYC, respectively. All costs (transportation, chemical testing, etc.) in the CSB are paid by the donor indicating that urban sediment exchange could be an ultra-low-cost source for urban soil mitigation. Urban-scale sediment exchange has advantages over existing national- or provincial-scale sediment exchanges because it can retain and upcycle local sediment resources to attain their highest and best use (e.g. lowering pollutant exposure), achieve circular urban materials metabolism, improve livability and maximize urban sustainability.
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Energy
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Authors
Daniel Walsh, Katherine Glass, Samantha Morris, Horace Zhang, Isabel McRae, Noel Anderson, Alysha Alfieri, Sara Perl Egendorf, Shana Holberton, Shahandeh Owrang, Zhongqi Cheng,