Territorial cohesion impacts of high-speed rail at different planning levels

► We study the territorial cohesion impacts of a HSR extension at different planning levels. ► We use accessibility measures to address territorial cohesion impacts. ► The direction and intensity of cohesion impacts are different depending on the planning level considered. ► Cohesion results are explained mainly by the combination of population density distribution and location of HSR stations. ► Accessibility relative starting situation and quality of the access to the HSR network also drive the cohesion results.