Management of solid wastes from steelmaking and galvanizing processes: A brief review

Waste generation is inherent to any industrial process. Gaseous and liquid wastes are commonly treated in plants, resulting in clean streams and solid fractions. This solid fraction, along with the solid waste generated during the process itself, requires treatment and/or appropriate disposal in compliance with environmental laws, giving priority to reuse rather than final disposal in landfills. In the steel industry, the possibilities of solid waste disposal are important sources of research to achieve sustainable industrial standards. In this context, this paper presents an updated review of the management of slags, sludges, dusts, and mill scales generated by the steel industry, including precipitating sludges generated by galvanizing processes. Current knowledge and studies on the development of alternative management plans were also examined, bearing in mind the importance of sustainable development and the responsible consumption of natural resources.