International comparison of the relationship between urban structure and the service level of urban public transportation-A comprehensive analysis in local cities in Japan, France and Germany

As a result, in all three countries, generally the populations of the surrounding areas of stations with higher service frequencies are confirmed to be larger. As for the ratio of the population of the surrounding areas within a radius of 500 m from railway and tramway stations accounting for the population of each city, we showed the ratio of the population in station areas in France and Germany is high compared with that of Japan. Moreover, as for the proximity of pedestrian spaces to railway and tramway stations, we confirmed that the proximity of pedestrian spaces to railway and tramway stations in Japan is not high compared with France and Germany.