Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
7502892 | Drug and Alcohol Dependence | 2018 | 9 Pages |
Abstract
Findings suggest that opioid-treated chronic pain patients exhibit Pavlovian conditioned responses to opioid cues strengthened by an associative learning process of second-order conditioning when primed by pain-related images. This pain-opioid contingency appears to become disrupted among individuals who engage in opioid misuse, such that opioid-related stimuli elicit motivational responses irrespective of pain-related contextual stimuli.
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Authors
Eric L. Garland, Craig J. Bryan, Lydia Kreighbaum, Yoshio Nakamura, Matthew O. Howard, Brett Froeliger,