| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7503062 | Drug and Alcohol Dependence | 2018 | 9 Pages |
Abstract
These findings suggest that non-nicotine constituents in these EC liquids do not contribute to their reinforcement-enhancing effects. However, they may attenuate nicotine's acute aversive/anhedonic and/or toxic effects, which may moderate the abuse liability and/or toxicity of ECs.
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Authors
Andrew C. Harris, Peter Muelken, John R. Smethells, Katrina Yershova, Irina Stepanov, Thao Tran Olson, Kenneth J. Kellar, Mark G. LeSage,