Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
7505441 | Drug and Alcohol Dependence | 2014 | 24 Pages |
Abstract
Never-dependent opioid users may have started to use opioids partly due to their tendency to seek novel and/or spiritual experiences (high Novelty Seeking, high Self-Transcendence) and their tendency to avoid aversive stimuli (high Harm Avoidance), whereas they may have been protected against the development of dependence by their need for social approval (high Reward Dependence) and their self-efficacy (high Self-Directedness).
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Authors
Eline R. Zaaijer, Jessica Bruijel, Peter Blanken, Vincent Hendriks, Maarten W.J. Koeter, Mary Jeanne Kreek, Jan Booij, Anna E. Goudriaan, Jan M. van Ree, Wim van den Brink,