Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
7508109 | Drug and Alcohol Dependence | 2012 | 6 Pages |
Abstract
Results extend previous findings to suggest that childhood adversity is strongly related to risk for ever-smoking and nicotine dependence in AD individuals. Additional research is needed to examine other potential genetic and environmental moderators and mediators of the relationships among smoking, alcohol use, and childhood trauma.
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Authors
Carolyn J. Mingione, Jaimee L. Heffner, Thomas J. Blom, Robert M. Anthenelli,