Moving from Industry 2.0 to Industry 4.0: A case study from India on leapfrogging in smart manufacturing

Globally, manufacturing continues to grow through the decades. It now accounts for approximately 16 percent of global GDP and 14 percent of employment. However, the manufacturing sector's relative size in an economy varies with its stage of development. In India, Manufacturing accounts for 16% of GDP and has remained relatively stagnant. Manufacturing has also witnessed an onslaught from competitive nations like China, while India suffers from some major technology gaps, and therefore most estimates put India at the level of Industry 2.0 in manufacturing. Germany on the other hand, has maintained its leadership position in Manufacturing and Technology through innovative initiatives like resource efficient manufacturing and Industry 4.0. The Paper seeks to conduct a desk research on the developments on Sustainable Manufacturing processes across the world, and suggest a few critical methods for emerging economies to leapfrog into Industry 4.0., using India as a case study.