Improved bioavailability of vitamin D3 using a β-lactoglobulin-based coagulum

Vitamin D3 (D3) was encapsulated within a water-soluble matrix, formed by promoting the βlg/D3 complex by acidification. The capacity of the βlg-based coagulum to increase the long term stability of D3 in cold storage, upon exposure to intensive UV-light, and in the presence and absence of intestinal proteases, was evaluated. Additionally, the impact of the sequestration of D3 within the matrix of βlg-based coagulum on its bioavailability was determined in vivo with force-fed rats. The water solubility, long-term storage and UV-light stability of D3 were significantly increased (p < 0.0001) due to the high encapsulation efficiency (94.5 ± 1.8%). The βlg-based coagulum was not rapidly disrupted by the proteases in the intestines, leading to a slow release of D3, increased uptake of D3 and subsequent enhancement of the bioavailability of D3 in rats.