Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
7608225 | Journal of Chromatography A | 2018 | 12 Pages |
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) are ubiquitous in aquatic environments owing to the continuous discharge of domestic wastewater from highly urbanized regions. These PCPs can be adsorbed by fish and thereafter usually enter the bile of the fish through biliary excretion. In this study, a sensitive method based on a combination of hybrid solvent precipitation and dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) purification was developed to simultaneously extract and detect 24 PCPs, namely, 16 biocides, 4 synthetic musks, and 4 benzotriazoles, from fish bile. Hybrid precipitation on solid phase extraction (SPE) tubes was applied to remove phospholipids and proteins, and a d-SPE procedure was used for further purification. The extraction solvents for the hybrid precipitation/SPE tubes and d-SPE materials were optimized. The method performance for bile samples both with and without enzyme hydrolysis using β-glucuronidase/aryl-sulfatase were validated. The 24 PCPs in fish bile were spiked with standard concentrations of 10â¯ng/mL, 20â¯ng/mL, 100â¯ng/mL, and 200â¯ng/mL to evaluate recoveries, which ranged from 70 to 120% for 16, 16, 22, and 21 analytes with hydrolysis, respectively, and 70-120% for 14, 15, 23, and 23 analytes without hydrolysis, respectively. The quantification limits for target PCPs were in the range 0.26-7.38â¯ng/mL [excluding musk xylene (MX) and musk ketone (MK)] and 0.20-9.48â¯ng/mL (excluding MX and MK) for bile samples with and without enzyme hydrolysis, respectively. After enzyme hydrolysis, 12 PCPs were detected in bile from fish collected from the Yangtze River, with a maximum detected concentration of 460â¯ng/mL, for triclosan (TCS). The hydrolysis reaction indicated that high percentages of glucuronide and sulfate metabolites for some PCPs, i.e. four parabens and TCS, existed in the bile.
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Authors
Li Yao, Yin-Zhi Lv, Li-Juan Zhang, Wang-Rong Liu, Jian-Liang Zhao, You-Sheng Liu, Qian-Qian Zhang, Guang-Guo Ying,