Review of analytical methods for the determination of pesticide residues in grapes

This review presents an overview of analytical methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in grapes and by-products in the last decade. The most widely used detection technique for the determination of pesticides in grapes is mass spectrometry combined with gas and/or liquid chromatography. In general, multi-residue methods with selective sample treatment methodologies have been developed for this purpose. However, this review focuses not only on these common multi-residue methods but also on specific methodologies as single-residue methods for the analysis of pesticides in grapes and by-products. Finally, the limitations of multi-residue methods, the future perspectives and the trends for pesticide residue analysis in grapes are reviewed.