Determination of zolpidem in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for clinical application

Zolpidem (ZPD) is widely described for the short-term treatment of insomnia. We have developed and validated a simple and rapid liquid chromatography analytical method using tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the quantification of ZPD in human plasma. Using dibucaine as an internal standard (IS), the analyte was extracted with methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE). Chromatographic separation of ZPD was performed on a reversed-phase Luna C18 column (50 mm × 2.0 mm i.d., 5 μm particles) with a mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.0)-methanol (15:85, v/v) at a flow rate of 250 μm/min. The total run-time was 2.5 min and the retention times of ZPD and IS were 0.66 and 0.74 min, respectively. The mass-to-charge transition monitored for quantification of ZPD and IS was 308.2 → 235.2 and 344.0 → 271.0, respectively. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) using 100 μL of human plasma was 0.05 ng/mL and the calibration curves were linear over a range of 0.05-200 ng/mL (r2 > 0.9964). The mean accuracy and precision for intra- and inter-run validation of ZPD were within acceptable limits. In the present LC-MS/MS method, we showed improved sensitivity for quantification of the ZPD in human plasma using lower volume of plasma compared with previously described analytical methods for ZPD. This validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in humans.