Pb(II) determination in natural water using a carbon nanotubes paste electrode modified with crosslinked chitosan

In this work, an alternative voltammetric procedure for the determination of Pb(II) was developed using a carbon nanotube paste electrode modified with crosslinked chitosan with glutaraldehyde (GA-CTS-CNTPE). Square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV) was used and the relevant experimental parameters were optimized. Under optimal experimental conditions, the voltammetric response was linear in the range of 9.90 × 10− 8 to 2.00 × 10− 6 mol L− 1 with a detection limit of 5.70 × 10− 8 mol L− 1. The proposed voltammetric method showed good repeatability and low interference from other metallic species. It was successfully applied in the determination of Pb(II) in natural water samples and the results were in very close agreement with those obtained using a comparative method (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)).