Épidémiologie des leucémies aiguës

Acute Leukemia are rare diseases that represent 10 to 15% of hematological malignancies and are often of bad prognosis. Incidence rate of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is stable along the time, varying between 2.5 to 3.5/100,000 inh/year in occidental countries. Median age was 63 years-old. AML with cytogenetic abnormalities, particularly promyelocytic forms have a 5-year survival rate close to 60% instead of what others that are more frequent, remained with a survival rate lower than 20%. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) have an incidence rate of 1.5/100,000 inh/year. They are more frequent in children with an incidence rate up to 6 before 4-y-o. 5-year relative survival of ALL in children was close to 90% but was between 35 and 40% in adults. Survival increase slowly but regularly in all occidental countries. B-ALL are more frequent than T-ALL but are of better prognosis.