Risques infectieux au laboratoire

Laboratory-acquired infections (LAI) are due to a wide variety of micro-organisms. The precise risk posed to individual laboratory workers after exposure is difficult to determine, in part because of a lack of systematic reports. Bacteria account for the largest proportion of LAI, respiratory or oral exposition being the major route of transmission. Most of bacterial LAI are observed in microbiology or autopsy departments. LAI due to bloodborne pathogens remain the most common reported viral infections. These infections are described in all laboratory department especially among phlebotomists. However, a decrease of bloodborne virus-LAI is observed, related to the use of universal precautions and availability of hepatitis B immunization. Risk evaluation especially, infectious risks, is legal in French laboratories. Each laboratory must develop policies and procedures adapted to his practices.